负载羧基化球状介孔纳米颗粒TFN膜的研究

在薄层复合膜(thin-film composite membrane, TFC膜)中引入无机纳米颗粒，形成薄层纳米复合膜(thin-film nanocomposite membrane, TFN膜)，近几年作为反渗透膜开始应用于水处理研究。但是无机纳米颗粒在TFC膜中的性能的不稳定性和膜的机械强度等变成了突出问题。合成制备了粒径约为110 nm修饰羧基的介孔氧化硅球状纳米颗粒(MSN—COOH)，并将其成功地化学键合在TFC膜的表面功能层交联网络中。与TFC膜相比，键合有MSN—COOH的TFN膜，水通量提高了56.2%，保持高脱盐率；由于单分散介孔纳米颗粒表面亲水官能团的引入，使膜表面的亲水性有很大程度提高，单分散介孔纳米颗粒在基体中的有序排列，使膜表面粗糙度降低，提高了膜的抗污染能力。与普通TFN膜相比较，具有更好的稳定性和柔韧性，可以在长时间高压过滤操作下保持稳定。     

A modified particle swarm optimization with multiple subpopulations for multimodal function optimization problems

In this paper, a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is developed for solving multimodal function optimization problems. The difference between the proposed method and the general PSO is to split up the original single population into several subpopulations according to the order of particles. The best particle within each subpopulation is recorded and then applied into the velocity updating formula to replace the original global best particle in the whole population. To update all particles in each subpopulation, the modified velocity formula is utilized. Based on the idea of multiple subpopulations, for the multimodal function optimization the several optima including the global and local solutions may probably be found by these best particles separately. To show the efficiency of the proposed method, two kinds of function optimizations are provided, including a single modal function optimization and a complex multimodal function optimization. Simulation results will demonstrate the convergence behavior of particles by the number of iterations, and the global and local system solutions are solved by these best particles of subpopulations.     

Efficient hydrogen production for industry and electricity storage via high-temperature electrolysis

The paper describes the development status of Sunfire's reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) technology. Here, Sunfire is a pioneer in the field of high-temperature electrolysers (HTE) for renewable hydrogen production which can be operated as a fuel cell for power generation in a reverse mode. The maturity of the technology is improved stepwise so that first applications in the field of hydrogen production for industry and electricity storage can be tackled. Three application examples where larger scale prototype has been installed will be discussed: 1) A power-to-power electricity storage based on hydrogen, 2) a RSOC unit that is installed in an iron and steel works, and 3) a pressurized SOEC prototype which will be integrated with a methanation unit. Results show the potentials of the technology in connection with fluctuating renewable energy sources.     

Low temperature cleanup combined with magnetic nanoparticle extraction to determine pyrethroids residue in vegetables oils

To quantify trace pesticide residue in vegetable oil rapidly, low temperature cleanup combined with magnetic nanoparticle based solid phase extraction was developed to determine eight pyrethroids in vegetable oils, including tetramethrin, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, decamethrin, fenvalerate, acrinathrin, permethrin and bifenthrin. Polystyrene coated magnetic nanoparticles were synthesised by a modified chemical coprecipitation combined with emulsion polymerisation method. The nanoparticles were afterwards characterised by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy as well as vibrating sample magnetometer, and successfully employed as adsorbents for the magnetic solid phase extraction of pyrethroids which were cleaned up using low temperature approach in advance. Critical impact factors on the efficiency of the extraction method such as the mass of adsorbents used, volume and type of eluent solvent, extraction time as well as elution time were optimised subsequently. Regression analysis of the calibration curves of the eight pyrethroids yielded satisfactory correlation coefficients within the range of 0.980–0.998. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated to be between 0.0290-0.0658 and 0.0890–0.1994 ng g⁻¹, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day reproducibility at different concentration levels also produced satisfactory recovery rates of 83.18–112.79% with relative standard deviations not exceeding 10.84% and 12.01%, respectively, suggesting desirable stability of the proposed method.     

高层屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构抗震性能研究

为研究高层屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构的抗震性能,分别设计了一个10层钢筋混凝土框架结构和屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构模型,进行了地震作用下动力非线性分析。结果表明：屈曲约束钢板墙可显著减小高层钢筋混凝土框架结构在地震作用下的层间位移,同时在罕遇地震作用下框架中塑性铰的数量也有大幅减少,表现出良好的抗震性能。在此基础上,综合规范对框架结构和框架-抗震墙结构抗震等级和柱轴压比限值的规定,并结合屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构的受力特点,提出了高层屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构的抗震设计建议。建议屈曲约束钢板墙的边缘构件按框架结构确定抗震等级和柱的轴压比限值,其他框架部分根据其承担的地震倾覆力矩比例大小,按框架结构或框架-抗震墙结构确定抗震等级和柱的轴压比限值。     

改性复合稻草砖的综合性能分析与应用

由于普通稻草砖防腐、防潮、防火等性能较差,并没有被广泛的应用,为了克服普通稻草砖的这些缺点,研发出改性复合稻草砖,即在普通稻草砖中加入由数种适量的无机重金属离子配伍,辅助以分散剂、稳定剂等无机成分,研制开发出高科技新型低碳建筑材料———改性复合稻草砖,替代传统的墙体材料———实心黏土砖。该材料轻质、保温、隔热、隔声、防火、耐酸碱、节能、节土、环保,可有效地防止普通稻草砖的腐、潮、火、鼠、虫害的发生,性能优异,发展前景广阔。     

Rheological and viscoelastic properties of corn starch suspension modified by hydrothermal process: Impacts of process intensification

Rheological properties of starch suspension and particle size distribution of treated starch granules under the same conditions (2 bar and 20 min) by direct vapour-heat moisture treatment (DV-HMT), Reduced-Pressurized Heat Moisture Treatment (RP-HMT) and Instantaneous Controlled Pressure Drop Process (DIC) were investigated. DV-HMT and RP-HMT were compared to DIC process in order to determine the role of the vacuum pressure steps before and after injection of live steam on the starch powder. For all treated starches an increase of the particle size of granules was observed, a reduction of the consistency index and of the conservative modulus, compared to the untreated one. This difference becomes so important with increasing of process intensification. Relaxation spectra evaluated from the generalized Maxwell model implied a drift to shorter relaxation time for treated starch suspension than the native one. A decrease in peak intensity H(λ) of relaxation spectra with increase of intensification of processes was observed which conclude that the modified starch suspension moving away from a stable state like gel according to the following order DV-HMT < RP-HMT < DIC. The effect of DIC process seems to be more intense than the two other treatments. This difference can be attributed to the mechanical effect induced by the abrupt decompression towards vacuum after treatment.     

Inhibitory effects of garlic and other spices on biogenic amine production in Myeolchi-jeot,Korean salted and fermented anchovy product

This study was carried out to reduce biogenic amine contents in Myeolchi-jeot, Korean salted and fermented anchovy (Engraulis japonicus). The effects of a variety of spices including ginger, garlic, green onion, red pepper, clove and cinnamon, on biogenic amine production were determined by HPLC. The greatest inhibitory effect on biogenic amine production was observed in the culture treated by garlic extract. In the culture, the contents of putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine and spermidine were reduced by up to 11.2%, 18.4%, 11.7%, 30.9% and 17.4%, respectively, compared to control. The other spice extracts tested showed less or no effect in reducing biogenic amine contents. In addition, the extract of garlic showed the highest antimicrobial activity against the amine producers tested. The extract of garlic at a concentration of 5% (weight basis) was finally applied to the ripening of Myeolchi-jeot in situ, and then overall production of biogenic amines in Myeolchi-jeot was found to be reduced by up to 8.7%, compared to control. Consequently, it is expected that the findings of this study might be helpful for enhancing the safety of Myeolchi-jeot.     

不同成膜温度对高粱秸秆粉/纳米ZnO/聚乙烯醇纳米复合膜理化性能和微观结构的影响

为提高农林废弃物的利用率及促进新型生物质材料的产业化生产,本文以高粱秸秆粉(Sorghum straw powder,SSP)、纳米ZnO、聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)等为主要成膜基材,采用共混流延法制备出高粱秸秆粉/纳米ZnO/聚乙烯醇(SSP/Nano-ZnO/PVA,SNP)纳米复合膜,研究SSP的加入及不同成膜温度(75、80、85、90、95℃)对SNP纳米复合膜厚度、抗拉强度(Tensile strength,TS)、阻隔性能、微观结构、光谱特性和热性能的影响。结果表明:SSP的加入能提高SNP纳米复合膜TS、阻隔性能及热性能;随着成膜温度的升高,SNP纳米复合膜TS和阻隔性能先变好后变差,当成膜为85℃时,SNP纳米复合膜性能最好(TS=31.22 MPa最大,水蒸气透过系数=1.32×10^-12 g/(cm·s·Pa)、水溶性=36.41%、溶胀度=238.41%最小),并通过SEM、AFM、FT-IR、TG分析表明该温度下SNP纳米复合膜表面光滑,截面致密,各基质间具有良好的相容性且热稳定性较好,综合性能优于其他成膜温度...